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1.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(2): 246-252, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127148

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antitumoral del extracto crudo de biopolímeros aislados de la bacteria marina Vibrio sp. en cáncer de mama inducido por N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) en ratas. Materiales y métodos: Se cultivó la bacteria marina Vibrio sp. durante siete días, luego se filtró, precipitó y concentró el sobrenadante crudo. Se administró una dosis única de MNU 50 mg/kg a 39 ratas Holtzman y fueron tratadas diariamente durante nueve semanas por vía oral: G1 (n=13): suero fisiológico 0,1 mL/100g; G2 (n=13): extracto crudo de biopolímeros de Vibrio sp. 20 mg/kg; G3 (n=13): tamoxifeno 100 mg/kg. El G4 (n=11) solo recibió suero fisiológico 0,1 mL/100g. Se valoró semanalmente el peso corporal y la aparición de tumores mamarios identificados mediante palpación; así como el examen histopatológico al final del tratamiento. Resultados: El 77% de las ratas del grupo G1 desarrollaron tumores a partir de la séptima semana en un promedio de 2,2 tumores por cada animal; en contraste al grupo tratado con el extracto crudo de biopolímeros y tamoxifeno; donde solo una rata (8%) en cada grupo desarrolló tumores y posterior a la semana nueve de la inducción (p=0,001). Los resultados histopatológicos sostienen que todos los tumores extirpados corresponden a adenocarcinoma ductal de mama con distintos patrones: sólido, papilar y quístico. Asimismo, se evidenciaron focos necróticos en el 30% de los tumores del grupo G1. Conclusión: El extracto crudo de biopolímeros aislados de Vibrio sp. presentan efecto antitumoral en cáncer de mama inducido en ratas.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antitumor activity of the raw extract from biopolymers isolated from the Vibrio sp. marine bacteria in breast cancer induced by N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in rats. Materials and methods: The Vibrio sp. marine bacteria was cultured for seven days, then the raw supernatant was filtered, precipitated and concentrated. MNU was administered in a single dose of 50 mg/kg to 39 Holtzman rats and were daily treated for 9 weeks orally: G1 (n = 13): 0.1 mL/100 g of saline solution; G2 (n = 13): 20 mg/kg of raw extract from Vibrio sp. biopolymers; G3 (n = 13): 100 mg/kg of tamoxifen; G4 (n = 11) received no MNU and only 0.1 mL/100 g of saline solution. Body weight and the appearance of breast tumors identified by palpation were assessed weekly, as well as histopathological examination at the end of treatment. Results: Seventy-seven percent of the rats in the G1 group developed tumors from week 7 onwards in an average of 2.2 tumors per animal; in contrast to the group treated with the raw biopolymer extract and tamoxifen; where only one rat (8%) in each group developed tumors after week nine of induction (p = 0.001). The histopathological results support that all the removed tumors correspond to breast ductal adenocarcinoma with different patterns: solid, papillary and cystic. Likewise, necrotic foci were evidenced in 30% of the tumors of the G1 group. Conclusion: The raw extract of biopolymers isolated from Vibrio sp. present antitumor effect in breast cancer induced in rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Rats , Vibrio , Biopolymers , Breast Neoplasms , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental , Antineoplastic Agents , Palpation , Vibrio/classification , Vibrio/metabolism , Biopolymers/isolation & purification , Biopolymers/pharmacology , Breast , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Methylnitrosourea , Methylnitrosourea/toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
2.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 213-219, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-86397

ABSTRACT

In the present study, 13 clinical cases of canine mammary adenocarcinoma were evaluated in order to understand the effect of Tarantula cubensis extract (TCE) on tumor tissue. Punch biopsies were taken from the tumors before treatment with TCE. Subcutaneous injections of TCE were administered three times at weekly intervals (3 mL per dog). Between days 7 and 10 after the third injection, the tumor masses were extirpated by complete unilateral mastectomy. Pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues were immunohistochemically assessed. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was found to be higher in pre-treatment compared to post-treatment tissues (p 0.05). The apoptotic index was determined to be low before treatment and increased during treatment. These results suggest that TCE may be effective for controlling the local growth of canine mammary adenocarcinoma by regulating apoptosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Apoptosis/drug effects , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Mitosis/drug effects , Spiders/chemistry
3.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 21(3): 174-182, jul.-sept. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-549451

ABSTRACT

Las células madre oncogénicas constituyen una subpoblación de células tumorales que tienen la capacidad de auto-renovarse y de generar tumores heterogéneos en animales de experimentación. Estudios recientes han demostrado que las células madres oncogénicas juegan un papel central en la tumorigénesis, la progresión tumoral y la sensibilidad al tratamiento, lo que las convierte en blancos muy prometedores para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias antineoplásicas. En el caso particular del cáncer de mama estas células se descubrieron en el 2003. Tras su identificación, diversos estudios se enfocaron en identificar las actividades celulares que caracterizan a esta población, lo cual permitió saber que las células madres mamarias son más resistentes a la quimioterapia que el resto de las células tumorales. Al sobrevivir al tratamiento, estas pueden ser capaces de repoblar el tumor y producir recurrencia. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo resumir evidencia reciente que indica que tantos cambios en la expresión de transportadores de membranas como alteraciones en diversas vías de señalización participan en la quimiorresistencia de las células madre mamarias. Adicionalmente, esta revisión discute las posibles estrategias para vencer la resistencia terapéutica y lograr la erradicación de las células. Esas estrategias pueden ser la base para la generación de mejores terapias que prevengan la recurrencia de los tumores de mama.


The cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display self renewal capability and generate heterogeneous tumors when injected into a experimentation animals. Recent studies have shown that stem cancer cells play a key role in the tumor development, progression, and treatment sensitivity, making cancer stem cells are very promising targets for the development of a new therapies for cancer. In the case of breast cancer, stem cells were discovered in year 2003. Since they identification, different studies have characterized the cell activities that distinguish this population. Now it is well known that breast cancer stem cells are more resistant to chemotherapy than the rest of the breast cancer cells. Given that cancer stem cells survive the treatment, they may be capable to repopulate the tumor, causing relapse. The present paper aims to summarize the recent evidence that indicates that changes in the expression of membrane transporters as well as alterations in various signaling pathways are involved in the generation of resistance in breast cancer stem cells. In addition, this review discusses the possible strategies to overcome drug resistance and to achieve the eradication of the cancer stem cells. These strategies may become the basis for the development of new therapies that block relapse in breast cancer.


Subject(s)
Animals , Stem Cells/ultrastructure , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Medical Oncology
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 64(2): 129-134, 2004. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-444344

ABSTRACT

We addressed the effect of targeting type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), with antisense strategies in in vivo growth of breast cancer cells. We used C4HD tumors from an experimental model of hormonal carcinogenesis in which medroxyprogesterone acetate induced mammary adenocarcinomas in Balb/c mice. Intratumor or systemic administration of phosphorothiolated antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS[S]ODN) to IGF-IR mRNA resulted in a significant inhibition of C4HD tumor growth. The antitumor effect was specific since inhibition of tumor growth was dose-dependent and no effect was observed in mice treated with sense S[S]ODN. Tumors from AS[S]ODN-treated mice showed a decrease in IGF-IR expression and in insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Activation of PI-3K/Akt, p42/p44 MAPK and ErbB-2 was abolished in tumors treated with AS[S]ODN. Progesterone receptor expression or activity remained invariable. This is the first demonstration that breast cancer growth can be inhibited by direct in vivo administration of IGF-IR AS[S]ODN.


Evaluamos el efecto del bloqueo de la expresión del receptor del factor de crecimiento semejante a lainsulina tipo I (IGF-IR) sobre el crecimiento in vivo de cáncer de mama empleando una estrategia“antisentido”. Utilizamos el adenocarcinoma mamario murino progestágeno-dependiente C4HD. La administración intratumoral o sistémica de oligodeoxinucleótidos antisentido fosfotiolados al ARNm del IGF-IR (AS[S]ODN) inhibió el crecimiento tumoral. El efecto antitumoral fue específico debido a su dosis-dependencia y a la faltade efecto en ratones tratados con el S[S]ODN “sentido”. Los tumores obtenidos de ratones tratados con AS[S]ODN mostraron: disminución en la expresión de IGF-IR y en la fosforilación del sustrato del receptor de insulina-1, inhibición de la activación de PI-3K/Akt, p42/p44MAPK y ErbB-2, mientras que la expresión y activación del receptor de progesterona no se afectó. Es la primera demostración que el


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense , Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism , Animal Diseases , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Medroxyprogesterone , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense , RNA, Messenger/drug effects , Receptor, IGF Type 1/drug effects , Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism , Tumor Cells, Cultured
5.
Medical Principles and Practice. 2004; 13 (4): 220-226
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-67715

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of estradiol [E2], medroxyprogesterone and the two selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs] [tamoxifen [Tam] and raloxifene [Ral]] on the estrogen receptor [ER] conformers profile performed by size exclusion HPLC in relation to hormone dependence of mammary tumors. Materials and Two types of mammary tumors were studied: tumors transplanted in BALB/c mice that are medroxyprogesterone acetate [MPA]-dependent for growth, and tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurea [NMU]. Tumors from mice treated with MPA, E2, Tam or Ral and NMU-treated rats were analyzed and compared to that of control. The tumor conformer profiles were as follows: control and MPA-treated mice showed only one peak [oligomeric form]; E2-treated mice also showed only one peak [dimer]; Tam-treated mice showed one peak corresponding to a possible proteolytic fragment, and Ral-treated mice showed two peaks [oligomeric and a possible proteolytic fragment]. On the other hand, NMU-induced mammary tumors from rats showed three peaks [oligomeric, monomeric and proteolytic]. Our findings may indicate that SERMs affect the aggregation state of ER and thereby its ability to modulate genomic transcription mechanisms related to growth rate


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy , Receptors, Estrogen , Raloxifene Hydrochloride/pharmacology , Tamoxifen/pharmacology , Estradiol/pharmacology , Medroxyprogesterone/pharmacology , Mice , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
6.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1998 Jun; 36(6): 583-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-59947

ABSTRACT

A significant antitumour effect of P. hexandrum, a herb thriving at Himalayas (2500-4000 m), was observed in strain 'A' mice carrying solid tumours developed by transplanting Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT). Subtoxic well tolerated sequential doses of aqueous extract of P. hexandrum (a daily dose of 34.5 mg/kg b.w. for 15 days) enhanced tumour doubling time (TDT) from 1.94 +/- 0.26 days to 19.1 +/- 2.5 days. However, no synergism was revealed between radiation and P. hexandrum, though both independently manifested antitumour effects. In normal mice, pre-irradiation administration of extract of P. hexandrum protected mice in a dose dependent manner (optimal dose being 34.5 mg/kg body.wt. rendering 72% survival for 30 days) against whole body lethal irradiation of 10 Gy. Radioprotective properties of P. hexandrum were found to be comparable to synthetic radioprotectors like diltiazem etc.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology , Cell Division/drug effects , Female , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Plants, Toxic , Podophyllum/chemistry , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Whole-Body Irradiation
7.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 22(3): 119-24, sept.-dic. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-74684

ABSTRACT

Los extractos etanólicos de 17 especies botánicas, fueron testados frente a los tumores experimentales leucemia P-388 y adenocarcinoma mamario 755. De estas especies, 16 pertenecen a la familia Rubiaceae y la restante a la familia Clusiaceae; 9 son endémicas. No se observó actividad antitumoralsignificativa de los extractos ensayados con las dosis administradas


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Leukemia P388/drug therapy , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
8.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 20(3): 469-77, sept. 1986. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-46782

ABSTRACT

Adenocarcinomas mamarios fueron inducidos en ratas Sprague-Dawley mediante N-nitraso-N-metil-urea (NMV). Una vez que el primer tumor se hacía evidente, los animales fueron tratados diariamente con una dosis oral de 4 mg/kg de animal de Levamisol (Leva). La actividad de histidina decarboxilasa (HDC), expresada dpm/(g,h), se determinó en el tumor y en el intestino con C-histidina por medición de actividad de CO2 con espectrometría de centelleo líquido. La histopatología demostró que todos los tumores inducidos eran adenocarcinomas mamarios más o menos diferenciados. Como fuera observado en otros casos, la actividad de HDC tumoral fue alta comparada con la de tejidos normales. El tratamiento con Leva durante 7 y 14 días no produjo influencias significativas sobre la actividad de HDC, si bien se evidenció una disminución de la actividad enzimática. La administración de Leva durante más de 20 días provocó una disminución significativa de la actividad de HDC. La actividad de dicha enzima dependió, en todos los casos, de la masa total del tumor (MTT). La actividad de HDC en función de MTT es una función lineal con coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0,9. Para las ratas tratadas con Leva durante 20 días o más, la pedndiente fue de 1,93 ñ 0,89. Para animales no tratados, la pendiente fue de 7,37 ñ 1,23. La diferencia es estadisticamente significativa de acuerdo al criterio de la distribución F (P <0,001). Nuestros resultados demuestran que un agente inmunomodulador exhibe un definido tiempo de retraso antes de ejercer su influencia sobre el metbolismo de la histamina, el cual anormal en diferentes tipos de tumores. En trabajos futuros se estudiará si este efecto está relacionado con la acción inmunomoduladora de la droga


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Female , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Histidine Decarboxylase/metabolism , Levamisole/therapeutic use , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
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